THE FREQUENCY OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG STUDENTS

                         THE FREQUENCY OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG STUDENTS

Hudabia Saleem

INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST

Government College University, Lahore

laureatefolks@gmail.com

1.      INTRODUCTION

Professors around the world have noticed an alarming increase in the new trend of Academic dishonesty. In the past few years, students admitted to at least one serious cheating instance through a survey conducted across the colleges (Pavela & McCabe, 2012). It is incredibly easy to access information directly from the internet and technological devices particularly iPhones have put all the information into the hands of students. Today students are faced with extraordinary pressure from parents to get good grades (Lepp, 2017). This has led them to believe that it is necessary to cheat to succeed. These thoughts are further strengthened by examples portrayed in media, where professional athletes, players, and businessmen cheat to get ahead of their competitors. However, these issues are neglected because there is no standard definition of what constitutes academic dishonesty.

Webster dictionary (1993, p132) provides us with a definition of Academic Dishonesty as,

"Cheating means to defraud others by utilizing deceitful means" Another definition of academic dishonesty comes from Romney and Steinbart, 2003, p76;

“It is the use of fraudulent means to achieve an unfair and unjust privilege for oneself or another person.  Getting grades, academic credit, praise or recognition, deceiving and violating trust, lying or concealing the truth comes under the category of Academic dishonesty.”

There are different forms of academic dishonesty. From helping a friend in the exam and sharing prohibited material to misrepresenting oneself or concealing one's identity while taking admission in a university or college. The distinction is made between academic dishonesty and cheating, were helping a friend in the exam is called passive cheating while engaging in dishonest behavior to raise one's grade is called active cheating (McNair & Oye, 2018).    

Academic dishonesty can be of many types. From the sharing of prohibited material during an exam or helping a friend to the concealing of their identity or misrepresenting themselves while taking admission to a college. Distinctions have been made between academic dishonesty that involves helping a friend which is referred to as passive cheating. Contrary to this is the dishonest behavior that raises one's grades which are referred to as active cheating.

1.1  PERSPECTIVES ON ACADEMIC DISHONESTY

There are different perspectives on academic dishonesty; Psychological perspective states that dishonest means are used by students because they want to pass the exam through shortcut means. Hence students cheat because they lack schemes and specific learning strategies. They find it easy to cheat rather than spend time on learning. The developmental perspective states that middle and high school students cheat more than elementary school students. The reason for this is that at this point in academic life students are more focused on getting high CGPA and grades as they want to excel in their career by getting good grades (Williams & Williams, 2012). Students at this age are more likely to compete than at any other stage of life. The motivational perspective states that the motivation of students to cheat in exams is different. Some students cheat out of fear of failure in exams. They cheat because they are highly concerned about their grades so they cheat to achieve flawless grades. Others cheat because they are want to maintain a positive image in front of their peers (Zachek, 2020).

2.      LITERATURE REVIEW

A research was conducted by Lacey, Whitherspoon, and Maldonado (2010) to examine the frequency of students engaging in academic dishonesty. The research was conducted on a sample of 186 college students who were a part of 11 educational courses. Researchers explored the use of contemporary and traditional teaching methods to discover different forms of cheating. Data were collected via survey method by using the Academic Dishonesty Scale which was developed by McCabe in 1997. Results indicated that most of the students occasionally cheat while 20% of the students are flagrant cheaters and they cheat via contemporary methods.

Salehi, Khodaie, and Moghadmzadeh (2011) conducted a study in Tehran to identify the factors that affect the probability of cheating among students. The sample consisted of 336 students from different regions in Tehran. Regression logistic analysis was carried out which showed the economic and social status, history of cheating, and commitment to rules and disciplines had a significant relationship with cheating probability. Factors like age, educational level of parents, and age of student promote cheating behavior. Results showed that 95% of students confessed that they cheated in an exam. The study indicated that students with a possible history of cheating are more likely to commit fraud than others (Salehi, Khodaie & Moghadmzadeh, 2011).          

3.      CONCLUSION

Academic dishonesty is immensely increasing around the globe and has become a highly sensitive issue. Policymakers have been designing policies to discourage and reduce cheating behavior among students from all age groups. Strict penalties have been imposed to deal with academic dishonesty. Education is a crucial part of individual life. Education policymakers have developed several strategies to reduce dishonest practices. Students are highly pressured by their parents to get good grades by hook or by crook. Apart from their parent’s expectations, the desire to get admission to the best colleges and excel in their career to get good jobs force them to cheat. Cheating has become so common that students no longer consider cheating immoral. The advancement in technology has provided students with greater opportunities to cheat. Digital watches and electronic calculators have made it easier for students to cheat. New policies should be developed and students should be made clear of all the consequences of Academic dishonesty to reduce cheating.


4.      REFERENCES

Lepp, L. (2017). Undergraduate students’ views on academic dishonesty. New Trends And Issues Proceedings On Humanities And Social Sciences3(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v3i1.1728

McNair, D., & Oye, W. (2018). Developmental Responses to Incidents of Academic Dishonesty. New Directions For Community Colleges2018(183), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20318

Williams, M., & Williams, M. (2012). Academic Dishonesty, Self-Control, and General Criminality: A Prospective and Retrospective Study of Academic Dishonesty in a New Zealand University. Ethics & Behavior22(2), 89-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2011.653291

Zachek, A. (2020). The History, Evolution, and Trends of Academic Dishonesty: A Literature Review. The Nebraska Educator. https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.ne006

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