MOLECULAR MARKERS (Aid for Genetic Analysis) 1 Ms. Iqra Ahmad 2 Dr. Muhammad Naeem 1 Biochemistry 2 Business Administration Laureate Folks International https://laureatefolks.blogspot.com ; laureatefolks@gmail.com 1            Introduction Various genotypes have not been distinguished at the phenotypic level due to the low genome coverage and marker dominance. Initial work on biological markers to find genomic variations on animals was based on morphological and biochemical markers. According to Batley and Edwards (2009) weaknesses have been seen in both of these techniques over time. Morphological markers are dependent on age, limited to gender, and can be modified by the environmental influence whereas, biochemical markers have been reported to show a low degree of polymorphism (Batley & Edwards, 2009) . Molecular biology has become advanced to deal with such problems and has come up with various significant techniques to develop